Monday, February 20, 2017

CIVIL ENGINEER: Application of GIS: Tax Mapping, Business, Logistics, Emergency evacuation, Environment


Application of GIS

These include topographical mapping, socioeconomic and environment modeling, and education. The role of GIS is best illustrated with respect to some of the representative application areas that are mentioned below:




Tax Mapping:

Information about property with its geographical location and boundary is managed by GIS. Querying the GIS database can locate similar type of properties in an area. The characteristics of these properties can then be compared and valuation can be easily done .




Business: 

A GIS with relevant data such as number of consumers, brands and sites they go for shopping can give any business unit a fair idea whether their unit if set up is going to work at a particular location the way they want it to run.

Logistics:

It is necessary for the shipping companies to know where their warehouses should be located, which routes should the transport follow that ensures minimum time and expenditures to deliver the parcels to their destinations. All such logistics decisions need GIS support.

Emergency evacuation: 

It is important to know in which area the risk is higher, the number of individuals inhabiting that place, the routes by which the vehicles would move to help in evacuating the individuals. Thus preparing an evacuation plan needs GIS implementation.

Environment: 

GIS is being increasingly involved in mapping the habitat loss, urban sprawl, land-use change etc. Mapping such phenomena need historical landuse data, anthropogenic effects which greatly affect these phenomena are also brought into GIS domain. GIS models are then run to make predictions for the future.

References
Burrough, P. A & McDonnell, R. A. 1998, Principles of geographical information systems, Oxford University Press, UK.